Yes, there are terpenes that are more concentrated in wines made from grapes grown at higher altitudes. Terpenes are organic compounds responsible for the aroma and flavor of many fruits and plants, including grapes. Altitude can have a significant impact on the concentration of terpenes in grapes, which in turn affects the flavor profile of wines.
How Altitude Affects Terpene Concentration
Altitude plays a crucial role in the development of grapevines and the grapes they produce. Here are some ways altitude can impact terpene concentration in grapes:
- Temperature: Higher altitudes generally mean cooler temperatures, which can slow down the ripening process of grapes. This slower ripening can lead to increased concentration of terpenes, as they have more time to develop and accumulate in the grapes.
- Sunlight: At higher altitudes, grapes are exposed to more intense sunlight due to thinner atmosphere. UV radiation can stimulate the production of terpenes in grapes, resulting in higher concentrations of these compounds.
- Stress: Grapes grown at higher altitudes often face more environmental stress factors such as extreme temperatures, strong winds, and rocky soils. This stress can trigger the production of terpenes as a defense mechanism, leading to higher concentrations in the grapes.
Specific Terpenes Found in High Altitude Wines
Several terpenes are commonly found in wines made from grapes grown at higher altitudes. Here are some of the most prevalent terpenes and their characteristics:
- Linalool: This terpene is known for its floral and citrus aroma, often found in wines made from grapes grown at higher altitudes. It contributes to the overall aromatic profile of the wine.
- Geraniol: Geraniol is another terpene with a floral scent, commonly found in wines from high altitude vineyards. It can impart notes of rose, geranium, and tropical fruits to the wine.
- Terpinolene: Terpinolene is a terpene with a complex aroma, often described as woody, floral, and herbal. It is frequently found in wines made from grapes grown at higher altitudes.
Case Studies and Research
Several studies have been conducted to investigate the impact of altitude on terpene concentration in grapes and wines. Here are some notable findings:
- A study published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry found that grapes grown at higher altitudes had higher concentrations of terpenes such as linalool and geraniol compared to grapes grown at lower altitudes.
- Research conducted in the vineyards of the Andes Mountains in Argentina showed that wines made from high altitude grapes had higher levels of terpenes like terpinolene, contributing to their unique aromatic profile.
- Winemakers in the Alps region of Europe have long known the importance of altitude in terpene development. Wines from high altitude vineyards in regions like the Swiss Alps and the French Alps are prized for their complex and aromatic profiles.