Different vine training systems can have an impact on biogenic amine concentrations in grapes. This is because biogenic amines are nitrogenous compounds that are naturally present in grapes and can be influenced by various factors, including vine training systems.
Impact of Vine Training Systems on Biogenic Amine Concentrations
There are several vine training systems that are commonly used in grape cultivation, including:
- Vertical shoot positioning (VSP)
- Scott Henry
- Smart Dyson
- Guyot
Each of these training systems can affect the microclimate around the grape clusters, which in turn can influence the development of biogenic amines. Here’s how:
- Vertical Shoot Positioning (VSP): VSP involves training the grapevines to grow upwards along a trellis system. This can create a more open canopy, allowing for better air circulation and sunlight exposure. This can help reduce the risk of mold and rot development, which can in turn lower the levels of biogenic amines in the grapes.
- Scott Henry: The Scott Henry training system involves splitting the canopy into two layers, with one layer positioned higher than the other. This can provide better sun exposure to the grape clusters, promoting more even ripening and potentially reducing biogenic amine concentrations.
- Smart Dyson: Smart Dyson is a variation of the Scott Henry system, with the canopy divided into three layers instead of two. This can further enhance sunlight exposure and airflow, potentially leading to lower biogenic amine levels in the grapes.
- Guyot: The Guyot training system involves training the vines to a single cane with a single fruiting spur. This can help regulate yields and promote even ripening, which may have a positive impact on biogenic amine concentrations.
Evidence of the Impact on Biogenic Amine Concentrations
Research has shown that different vine training systems can indeed affect biogenic amine concentrations in grapes. Here are some studies that support this:
- A study published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry found that grapes grown under the VSP training system had lower levels of biogenic amines compared to grapes grown under a standard vertical trellis system.
- Another study published in the Journal of Plant Physiology reported that grapes grown using the Guyot training system had higher levels of certain biogenic amines compared to grapes grown using the Smart Dyson system.
- Research conducted at a vineyard in Italy showed that grapes grown under the Scott Henry training system had lower levels of biogenic amines compared to grapes grown using a traditional pergola training system.
Factors Influencing Biogenic Amine Concentrations
While vine training systems can play a role in influencing biogenic amine concentrations in grapes, it’s important to note that there are other factors that can also impact these levels. Some of these factors include:
- Climate conditions
- Soil composition
- Pest and disease pressure
- Varietal characteristics
These factors can interact with vine training systems to either enhance or reduce the levels of biogenic amines in grapes. For example, a hot and humid climate can promote the growth of mold and fungi, leading to higher levels of biogenic amines. Similarly, certain grape varieties may be more prone to accumulating biogenic amines than others.