Wines made from grapes grown in volcanic soils tend to have higher levels of terpenes compared to wines made from grapes grown in other types of soil. This is because volcanic soils are rich in minerals and nutrients that can influence the composition of the grapes, including the levels of terpenes.
Factors influencing terpene levels in grapes
Terpenes are a group of organic compounds that contribute to the aroma and flavor of wines. They are found in the skins of grapes and are influenced by various factors, including soil composition, climate, grape variety, and winemaking techniques. Here are some ways in which volcanic soils can impact terpene levels in grapes:
- Mineral content: Volcanic soils are rich in minerals such as potassium, magnesium, and iron, which can influence the terpene composition of grapes. These minerals can affect the uptake of nutrients by the grapevines, leading to changes in terpene levels.
- pH levels: Volcanic soils tend to have a lower pH compared to other types of soil. This acidic environment can influence the availability of nutrients to the grapevines, which in turn can impact terpene levels in the grapes.
- Drainage: Volcanic soils are well-drained, which can prevent waterlogging and ensure that the grapevines receive the right amount of water. This optimal water supply can help the vines produce grapes with higher terpene levels.
Research on terpene levels in volcanic wines
Several studies have been conducted to investigate the impact of volcanic soils on terpene levels in wines. These studies have shown that wines made from grapes grown in volcanic soils often exhibit unique terpene profiles that set them apart from wines made from grapes grown in other types of soil. Some key findings include:
- A study published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry found that wines made from grapes grown in volcanic soils in Sicily, Italy, had higher levels of terpenes such as linalool and geraniol compared to wines from non-volcanic soils.
- Another study conducted in the Canary Islands, where volcanic soils are prevalent, showed that wines from this region had distinct terpene profiles characterized by high levels of terpenes such as nerol and limonene.
Implications for wine quality
The presence of higher terpene levels in wines made from grapes grown in volcanic soils can have significant implications for wine quality. Terpenes are responsible for the floral, fruity, and citrusy aromas often associated with white wines, and their presence can enhance the overall sensory experience of the wine. Some potential benefits of higher terpene levels in volcanic wines include:
- Enhanced aroma: Terpenes contribute to the aromatic profile of wines, adding complexity and depth to the overall aroma.
- Improved flavor: Terpenes can also impact the flavor profile of wines, enhancing the fruity and floral notes.
- Distinctiveness: Wines made from grapes grown in volcanic soils with higher terpene levels may have a unique flavor profile that sets them apart from wines made from grapes grown in other types of soil.