Para-swimming classifications are divided into different categories based on the swimmers’ disabilities. These classifications help ensure fair competition by grouping athletes with similar impairments together. The main classifications in para-swimming include:
S1-S10: Physical Impairment
Physical impairment classifications in para-swimming are divided into ten categories, ranging from S1 to S10. Each category represents a different level of physical impairment, with S1 being the most severe and S10 being the least severe. Here is a breakdown of the classifications:
- S1: Swimmers in this category have the most significant physical impairments, such as tetraplegia or limb deficiency affecting all four limbs. They may swim using only their arms or have limited muscle control.
- S2: Swimmers in this category have impairments similar to S1 but with slightly more functional ability. They may have better muscle control or limited use of their legs.
- S3: Swimmers in this category have impairments that affect their trunk and legs, such as paraplegia or double leg amputations. They may have good arm function but limited leg movement.
- S4: Swimmers in this category have impairments that affect their trunk and legs to a lesser extent. They may have some leg function but limited trunk control.
- S5: Swimmers in this category have impairments that primarily affect their legs, such as single leg amputations or severe muscle weakness. They may have good trunk control and use their arms for propulsion.
- S6: Swimmers in this category have impairments that affect one or both legs, such as mild hemiplegia or double below-knee amputations. They may have good leg function but limited arm function.
- S7: Swimmers in this category have impairments that affect one leg or the loss of parts of both legs. They may have good arm function and use their legs for propulsion.
- S8: Swimmers in this category have impairments that affect one leg or the loss of parts of both legs to a lesser extent. They may have good leg function and use their arms for propulsion.
- S9: Swimmers in this category have minimal impairments affecting one or both legs. They may have near-normal function in their legs and arms.
- S10: Swimmers in this category have the least severe impairments, such as minimal muscle weakness or limb deficiency. They may have near-normal function in their legs and arms.
S11-S13: Visual Impairment
Visual impairment classifications in para-swimming are divided into three categories, ranging from S11 to S13. Each category represents a different level of visual impairment, with S11 being the most severe and S13 being the least severe. Here is a breakdown of the classifications:
- S11: Swimmers in this category are completely blind or have very low vision. They swim with blackened goggles to ensure fairness in competition.
- S12: Swimmers in this category have moderate visual impairment. They may have some ability to see but still require assistance for navigation.
- S13: Swimmers in this category have mild visual impairment. They may have near-normal vision but still qualify for para-swimming due to their impairment.
S14: Intellectual Impairment
Intellectual impairment classification in para-swimming is represented by the S14 category. Swimmers in this category have intellectual impairments that impact their cognitive abilities and adaptive behavior. They may have difficulties with learning, problem-solving, and social skills. This category is designed to provide opportunities for athletes with intellectual impairments to compete in para-swimming.
Multi-Class Events
Multi-class events in para-swimming allow athletes with different impairments to compete against each other. Swimmers are classified based on a points system that takes into account their level of impairment and performance. The goal is to create a level playing field where swimmers of all abilities have a chance to win.