Research on the microbial terroir of vineyards with different trellising systems has shown that the structure and composition of the microbial communities in the soil and on the grapevines can be influenced by the trellising system used. Here are some key findings:
Impact on Soil Microbes
Studies have found that the trellising system used in vineyards can have a significant impact on the diversity and abundance of soil microbes. Some research has shown that:
- Vineyards with vertical shoot positioning (VSP) trellis systems tend to have higher microbial diversity in the soil compared to vineyards with other trellising systems.
- Soil microbial communities in vineyards with high-density planting systems may differ from those in vineyards with lower vine density.
- The type of trellising system can influence the distribution of soil microbes, with certain systems promoting the growth of specific microbial populations.
Effect on Grapevine Microbiome
The trellising system used in vineyards can also impact the microbiome of the grapevines themselves. Research has shown that:
- Grapevines trained on different trellising systems can harbor distinct microbial communities on their surfaces and in their tissues.
- The canopy architecture created by the trellising system can affect the microclimate around the grapevines, which in turn can influence the composition of the grapevine microbiome.
- Some trellising systems may promote the growth of beneficial microbes that can protect grapevines from pathogens and improve grape quality.
Interaction with Terroir
The microbial terroir of vineyards with different trellising systems is also influenced by other factors such as soil type, climate, and vineyard management practices. Research has shown that:
- The interaction between the trellising system and other aspects of the vineyard terroir can shape the microbial communities in the soil and on the grapevines in unique ways.
- Climate conditions, such as temperature and precipitation, can impact the activity and composition of soil microbes in vineyards with different trellising systems.
- Vineyard management practices, such as irrigation and fertilization, can affect the structure of the microbial communities in the soil and on the grapevines in vineyards with different trellising systems.
Implications for Wine Quality
The microbial terroir of vineyards with different trellising systems can ultimately impact the quality and characteristics of the wine produced. Some implications include:
- The microbial communities in the soil and on the grapevines can influence the flavor profile and aroma of the grapes, which can in turn affect the sensory attributes of the wine.
- Beneficial microbes present in vineyards with specific trellising systems may contribute to the health and resilience of the grapevines, leading to higher quality grapes and better wine production.
- Differences in the microbial terroir of vineyards with different trellising systems can result in unique expressions of terroir in the wines produced, reflecting the specific environmental conditions and management practices of the vineyard.